Acta Universitatis Sapientiae Agriculture and Environment, 17 (2025) 1–14
Abstract: Urban squares are the primary sufferers of climatic conditions, as they are most often created in dense urban areas. Their primary function is urban life – they provide a space for community events, and therefore many have an extensive paved surface. An important question is how their morphological characteristics, such as their spatial proportions, their enclosure, their openness, the quality of their surfaces, can influence and improve their outdoor thermal comfort [1].
Keywords: open space analysis, mitigation, climate adaptation, urban square morphology

SAPIENTIA HUNGARIAN UNIVERSITY OF TRANSYLVANIA
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